That blog post is more meant for used instances, where you want to avoid starting from scratch with installing software etc. But it should work, of course.
Did you remove the SD card before trying to boot from eMMC?
Since you obviously did have console access, most commands seem to work fine, systemd, bash itself, and all the libraries and executables involved to bring up the system to that point. I guess all bash internals at least work, so command -v <commen> can be used to check the path of the command that fails with this error. And then that one could be further checked, its ELF headers etc, to see which architecture it has, comparing that to the kernel loaded.
However, seems to be irrelevant now, just in case someone else lands here with a similar issue.