But it contains a lot of vendor-specific symbols, like &rkisp, which are named differently or do not exist at all in mainline Linux. So this cannot be applied onto mainline Linux without adjusting the node references, and in case add missing ones.
Just loading the driver manually does not help, right?
As expected. So you need an overlay that works with mainline Linux.
If you really need to use that camera on the Radxa ZERO 3W now, downgrade to vendor kernel. But I see we do not add it to its APT component anymore. Hence download it manually
cd /tmp
wget https://dietpi.com/downloads/binaries/linux-image-vendor-rk35xx.deb
sudo apt install ./linux-image-vendor-rk35xx.deb
It should work, but there is a small chance that it fails to boot due to some bootloader incompatibility or so. Hence be prepared to access the SD card from another system, to change back the symlink in /boot to mainline kernel.