Orange Pi 5 Plus: NPU Driver Support for Docker Projects (e.g., rkllama)?

General Discussion
1

Hello everyone,

I’m currently trying to get the NPU on my Orange Pi 5 Plus working to run various AI-related Docker projects, with a specific focus on getting the rkllama project up and running. I’m hoping to get some guidance or share experiences with anyone who might have attempted something similar.

My Hardware:

  • Device: Orange Pi 5 Plus (32GB RAM)

  • Storage: NVMe SSD

  • OS: DietPi v9.15.2

My Goal:

My plan is to use DietPi as the base OS, install OpenMediaVault (OMV) on top of it, and then use Docker to run several different containers. A primary goal is to leverage the NPU for performance in projects like rkllama.

What I’ve Tried So Far:

Unfortunately, I’ve already had a few unsuccessful attempts. I’ve tried this with the official Orange Pi image and also with Armbian, but in every case, I’ve failed to get access to the NPU driver from within the operating system or the Docker container.

I’m relatively new to the world of single-board computers with NPUs, so I’m still learning. My current setup is a Raspberry Pi 4 running OMV with a few Docker containers, and I’m looking to migrate and expand on my new Orange Pi.

Has anyone had success with accessing the NPU on the Orange Pi 5 Plus with a recent DietPi build? I would be very grateful for any help, tips, or pointers on how to get the driver recognized and passed through to Docker containers.

Thanks in advance for your help!

1 Like
2

Hi,
Just installed v9.20.1 on OPi 5 Max and can’t get the NPU to work either, no kernel module present and it seems to be as if disabled by firmware… The vendor repo - RKlinux do have the driver, yet it doesn’t seem to be in the kernel (or initrd) image, or maybe disabled somehow?

3

The kernel module should be rknpu and shipped with the kernel.

Mainline Linux 6.18 (edge branch) ships a mainline Rocket NPU driver for the first time.

Both drivers provide an interface on a /dev/dri/render* device node.

2 Likes
4

The 6.18.0-edge-rockchip64 (from mainline image) identifies the NPU - loads the hantro_vpu module, but doesn’t recognize wireless wlan on OPi 5 Max…

5

What’s the chip on this board? If it’s aic8800, you need a dkms kernel module.
Also, what does hantro vpu have to do with the NPU?

6

On the Trixie image with 6.1.115-vendor-rk35xx, the rknpu driver seems to fail initializing:

[   19.651699] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: Adding to iommu group 0
[   19.653969] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: RKNPU: rknpu iommu is enabled, using iommu mode
[   19.656222] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: Looking up rknpu-supply from device tree
[   19.662346] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: Looking up mem-supply from device tree
[   19.667447] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: can’t request region for resource [mem 0xfdab0000-0xfdabffff]
[   19.669631] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: can’t request region for resource [mem 0xfdac0000-0xfdacffff]
[   19.671541] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: can’t request region for resource [mem 0xfdad0000-0xfdadffff]
[   19.672232] [drm] Initialized rknpu 0.9.8 20240828 for fdab0000.npu on minor 1
[   19.678986] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: Looking up rknpu-supply from device tree
[   19.685198] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: RKNPU: bin=0
[   19.686447] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: leakage=9
[   19.687499] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: Looking up rknpu-supply from device tree
[   19.687514] debugfs: Directory ‘fdab0000.npu-rknpu’ with parent ‘vdd_npu_s0’ already present!
[   19.695969] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: pvtm=916
[   19.701432] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: pvtm-volt-sel=5
[   19.702531] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: Looking up rknpu-supply from device tree
[   19.702549] debugfs: Directory ‘fdab0000.npu-rknpu’ with parent ‘vdd_npu_s0’ already present!
[   19.704149] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: Looking up mem-supply from device tree
[   19.705525] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: avs=0
[   19.706653] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: rockchip_pvtpll_set_volt_sel: error cfg clk_id=6 voltsel (-1)
[   19.707822] RKNPU fdab0000.npu: l=15000 h=85000 hyst=5000 l_limit=0 h_limit=800000000 h_table=0

The /dev/render* doesn’t appear…

7

No, we patched this driver into our mainline Linux builds, no DKMS needed: rockchip64: add AIC8800 SDIO driver · MichaIng/build@79457dc · GitHub
But OPi 5 Max/Ultra use a different one anyway.

Yes that is sadly expected. The Max and Ultra use this Rockchip WiFi chip with bcmdhd driver which does not exist in mainline Linux:

TL;DR: Does modprobe brcmfmac actually work instead?
While the driver is located below some Rockchip vendor subdir, and the chip is labelled AP6611, it is a Broadcom chip (indicated by the module name, but also clearly stated in source files). There is some info that the bcmdhd driver is actually an Android Broadcom WiFi driver, while Linux ships its brcmfmac. That wouldn’t be so surprising, since Rockchip had shared Android and Linux sources earlier, one of the issues with earlier Rockchip vendor kernels throwing a bunch of additional errors and warnings since Android-only flags were enabled. I gave them a hint a while ago related to some particular prominent multi-line warning caused by a flag that really made sense on Android only, and they separated sources with 5.10 IIRC. But I would not wonder if some (originally) Android drivers remained in the sources.

Let’s see, the two supplies it looks up are defined here:

This is the same for all RK3588 boards (with vendor kernel). The nodes are defined here:

There we have the regions it can’t request. And then it seems to retry 2 times, causing the “already present” errors from debugfs.

No idea, neither the driver nor those parts in the device trees (which are all the same across all boards) have seen any changed within 2 years. Do you have any overlays active? Also maybe try with an older kernel builds:

apt policy linux-image-vendor-rk35xx

Don’t forget to downgrade the linux-dtb-vendor-rk35xx package as well. Reminds me that I want to merge those two packages.

8

It may be a stupid question but I thought Teflon only works with the mainline driver (rocket) and not rknpu?

9

Didn’t use overlays (except the ones present in the images, if any). The board appears to be of “rev 1.1”, no idea if this may be the reason, but doubtful. The npu is initialized perfectly in the mainline - 6.18.0-edge-rockchip64:
[ 0.997022] platform fdab0000.npu: Adding to iommu group 0
[ 0.998374] platform fdac0000.npu: Adding to iommu group 1
[ 0.999665] platform fdad0000.npu: Adding to iommu group 2
[ 10.949953] rocket fdab0000.npu: Rockchip NPU core 0 version: 1179210309
[ 10.950294] rocket fdac0000.npu: Rockchip NPU core 1 version: 1179210309
[ 10.950584] rocket fdad0000.npu: Rockchip NPU core 2 version: 1179210309

My bad about the vpu and hantro module mixup, it was a bad grep output very similar to npu initialization… Trying the modprobe brcmfmac on the edge has yielded only this:

[ 512.582827] usbcore: registered new interface driver brcmfmac

wlan didn’t turn up:(

Please, I beg of you to merge these two! :wink: Silly me tried to switch kernels using apt install, rendering the setup unbootable. Due to that, I must add that armbian’s Kernel menu is awesome, makes switching pretty automated.

P.S.

After witnessing armbian’s setup, I must extend deepest gratitude and respect to Michalng and the Team for all the efforts! Und a Happy New Year to everyone!

P.P.S

  • Not a bot :blush:
1 Like
10

The TensorFlow Lite delegate Teflon also works as a liteRT backend for etnaviv
(VeriSilicon VIPNano NPU), which has long been upstream, as well as for the upcoming ethosu (Arm Ethos-U65/U85 NPU).

11

OK, I’m talking about RK3588 only here. The vendor driver is not Rocket.

12

Newer sources for the WiFi driver: GitHub - StreamUnlimited/broadcom-bcmdhd-4359: GPL Broadcom driver for bcm4359 / AP6398S

Though it might not contain all needed chip IDs. Always a problem with scattered sources patched independently, everyone adds own chip IDs and firmware paths as needed.

CoreELEC has also sources, but the base is a little older: GitHub - CoreELEC/ap6xxx-aml: WiFi Broadcom drivers ap6xxx

1 Like
13

Hi,

Happy to report that NPU (and Bluetooth) work out of the box on Opi5Max 6.19.3-edge-rockchip64 (mainline) - DietPi 10.1.2 :clap:
Not happy to report that for wifi - building either of those drivers require broadcom-sta-* packages, no longer available for trixie or in backports, for some reason the ‘all’ arch build is not released any more. They’re there for Bookworm, but I prefer to stay on trixie edge since Collabora guys are making progress on the hardware features in rockchip.

There are some hacky packages for that sta driver I’ve seen around for trixie arm64 or ‘all’, but those dive too deep into the un land - unstable, unrepoducible, unupdateable, etc… so, no wifi for now :smiling_face_with_tear:

Thanks for the update and all the work on the releases!

14

I see, they are still there, but x86-only: Debian -- Package Search Results -- broadcom-sta

So this Broadcom STA Wireless driver is the bcmdhd one, or a compatible one?

It contains a ~7 MiB wlc_hybrid.o_<arch> blob. Also the all package on Bookworm contains this blob only for amd64 and i386, so it likely never worked on ARM, even that it was installable. Since it is a blob, Debian cannot just build it for other architectures. So it is on Broadcom.

The wireless-tools package is also required in order to make use of these modules.

Is this meant literally, i.e. they do not support the nl80211 interface? We just got rid of wireless-tools with last release, with NanoPi Fire3 Linux 4.14 being the last SBC I know with onboard WiFi that does not support that standard :roll_eyes:. Anyway, not relevant as it cannot work on ARM.

This is not a contradiction: you can perfectly run edge Linux 6.19-rcX on Debian Bookworm. Would be interesting whether this Broadcom STA driver really works there, without a matching blob. If so, would be trivial to alter the package to make it installable on ARM.

15

Since @makinikm is using mainline kernel, should’t it be possible to use brcmfmac driver? (https://linux-sunxi.org/Wifi#Ampak_Devices)

I have also a question, here is the BCM4359 listed as PCIe device, but the AP6611 in the OPi 5 Max is using SDIO?
So I question myself, what is the AP6611 BT/Wifi module?
What is it’s hw ID? lspci -nn | grep -i broadcom

16

Sadly not. brcmfmac is also present in the vendor kernel, but it does not support a number of these AP6* chips. The bcmdhd driver really is a different one, and further developed + patched to support WiFi chips used in ARM devices with Android OS, which implies what many SBCs were originally shipped with. The Rockchip vendor kernel sources originally were used for both, Android and plain Linux, until 5.15 IIRC. When I recognized a bunch of nonsense Android-only settings in the defconf, I talked to them that this is causing a bunch of errors in the kernel log on (non-Android) Linux, after which they split it (or said so). But a bunch of custom drivers from Android remained, and were never mainlined, or support for the additional chips merged into brcmfmac in this case. It is a mess …

Yes, another thing annoying about this driver: it can be built only with one of either USB, or PCIe, or SDIO support, but not combining them. This is the reason we had a dedicated vendor kernel build only for Orange Pi 5 Max and Ultra, switching from PCIe to SDIO. But recently I reconsidered that it is very unlikely that someone uses an M.2 module with this AP6* chip that would require PCIe support, or a USB dongle. Only Orange Pi seems to use theses chips, like only Orange Pi uses these likewise problematic UNISOC/Speadtrum chips that (their driver) is not in mainline Linux either, and cause so much issues. Hence I switched that to SDIO support for all vendor kernel builds: rk35xx-vendor: enable bcmdhd SDIO support · MichaIng/build@5fda26c · GitHub
This really caused a lot of extra work previously.

17

Hi, sorry about the delayed reply… I reside in an area of direct influence from recent geopolitical events, irl priorities do take precedence.

There is a file inside that source package - the broadcom-sta-source:

/usr/src/broadcom-sta.tar.xz - it’s the source of the old Broadcom’s Linux STA driver from 2015ish. It included a lot of the scattered dependencies for building those two drivers:

Eventually, neither of those (or several others I tried) would build against the mainline 6.19.x sources, didn’t even try with 7.0.0-rc3, but I don’t think there’s any point to that.

Since the goal is to get wifi working on mainline, I thought I’d try armbian’s dkms for it, despite your (@MichaIng) reservations about it here, it was the only one updated enough that came close to building successfully, even against 7.0, no less:

[root@gppi01:~/bcmdhd-dkms/src] # make -C /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build M=$PWD
make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-7.0.0-rc3-edge-rockchip64'
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/bcmdhd-dkms/src'
warning: the compiler differs from the one used to build the kernel
  The kernel was built by: aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04.1) 13.3.0
  You are using:           gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0
warning: pahole version differs from the one used to build the kernel
  The kernel was built with: 125
  You are using:             130
  CC [M]  dhd_static_buf.o
dhd_static_buf.c:188:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_wlan_mem_prealloc’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
  188 | dhd_wlan_mem_prealloc(
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  LD [M]  dhd_static_buf_.o
  CC [M]  aiutils.o
  CC [M]  siutils.o
siutils.c: In function ‘si_doattach’:
siutils.c:2893:78: warning: suggest braces around empty body in an ‘else’ statement [-Wempty-body]
 2893 |                                 SI_MSG(("Found chip type DVT (0x%08x)\n", w));
      |                                                                              ^
siutils.c: In function ‘si_tcm_size’:
siutils.c:7295:46: warning: suggest braces around empty body in an ‘else’ statement [-Wempty-body]
 7295 |                 SI_ERROR(("si_iscoreup!!\n"));
      |                                              ^
In file included from ././include/typedefs.h:423,
                 from siutils.c:25:
siutils.c: At top level:
siutils.c:8942:15: warning: no previous prototype for ‘si_clear_backplane_to’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 8942 | BCMPOSTTRAPFN(si_clear_backplane_to)(si_t *sih)
      |               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
././include/bcmdefs.h:960:41: note: in definition of macro ‘BCMPOSTTRAPFN’
  960 | #define BCMPOSTTRAPFN(_fn)              _fn
      |                                         ^~~
siutils.c:8971:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘si_slave_wrapper_add’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 8971 | si_slave_wrapper_add(si_t *sih)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  CC [M]  sbutils.o
sbutils.c: In function ‘sb_core_disable’:
sbutils.c:897:73: warning: suggest braces around empty body in an ‘if’ statement [-Wempty-body]
  897 |                 SI_ERROR(("sb_core_disable: target state still busy\n"));
      |                                                                         ^
  CC [M]  bcmutils.o
bcmutils.c:1029:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘prpkt’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 1029 | prpkt(const char *msg, osl_t *osh, void *p0)
      | ^~~~~
  CC [M]  bcmwifi_channels.o
  CC [M]  bcmxtlv.o
  CC [M]  bcm_app_utils.o
  CC [M]  bcmstdlib_s.o
  CC [M]  dhd_linux.o
dhd_linux.c: In function ‘dhd_process_cid_mac’:
dhd_linux.c:2222:18: error: implicit declaration of function ‘dhd_bus_chip_id’; did you mean ‘dhd_bus_chiprev’? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
 2222 |         chipid = dhd_bus_chip_id(dhdp);
      |                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |                  dhd_bus_chiprev
dhd_linux.c: At top level:
dhd_linux.c:2275:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_set_packet_filter’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 2275 | dhd_set_packet_filter(dhd_pub_t *dhd)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:2816:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_bssidx2bssid’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 2816 | dhd_bssidx2bssid(dhd_pub_t *dhdp, int idx)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:3014:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘_dhd_set_mac_address’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 3014 | _dhd_set_mac_address(dhd_info_t *dhd, int ifidx, uint8 *addr, bool skip_stop)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:3190:7: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_role_to_nl80211_iftype’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 3190 | int32 dhd_role_to_nl80211_iftype(int32 role)
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:3724:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_sendup’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 3724 | int dhd_sendup(dhd_pub_t *dhdp, int ifidx, void *p)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:5087:6: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_set_scb_probe’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 5087 | void dhd_set_scb_probe(dhd_pub_t *dhd)
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:6416:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_force_collect_socram_during_wifi_onoff’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 6416 | dhd_force_collect_socram_during_wifi_onoff(dhd_pub_t *dhdp)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:6817:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_force_collect_init_fail_dumps’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 6817 | dhd_force_collect_init_fail_dumps(dhd_pub_t *dhdp)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:6856:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_open’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 6856 | dhd_open(struct net_device *net)
      | ^~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:7688:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_is_static_ndev’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
 7688 | dhd_is_static_ndev(dhd_pub_t *dhdp, struct net_device *ndev)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c: In function ‘dhd_attach’:
dhd_linux.c:9035:38: error: ‘adapter’ undeclared (first use in this function)
 9035 |         dhd = wifi_platform_prealloc(adapter, DHD_PREALLOC_DHD_INFO, sizeof(dhd_info_t));
      |                                      ^~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:9035:38: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
dhd_linux.c: At top level:
dhd_linux.c:10311:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘_dhd_tdls_enable’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
10311 | int _dhd_tdls_enable(dhd_pub_t *dhd, bool tdls_on, bool auto_on, struct ether_addr *mac)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:10755:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_optimised_preinit_ioctls’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
10755 | dhd_optimised_preinit_ioctls(dhd_pub_t * dhd)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:11563:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_legacy_preinit_ioctls’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
11563 | dhd_legacy_preinit_ioctls(dhd_pub_t *dhd)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:13444:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_change_mtu’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
13444 | int dhd_change_mtu(dhd_pub_t *dhdp, int new_mtu, int ifidx)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:14117:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_bus_detach’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
14117 | dhd_bus_detach(dhd_pub_t *dhdp)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:14997:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘rockchip_wifi_init_module_rkwifi’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
14997 | int rockchip_wifi_init_module_rkwifi(void)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:15011:6: warning: no previous prototype for ‘rockchip_wifi_exit_module_rkwifi’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
15011 | void rockchip_wifi_exit_module_rkwifi(void)
      |      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:16008:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_dev_init_ioctl’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
16008 | dhd_dev_init_ioctl(struct net_device *dev)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:17929:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘write_file’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
17929 | int write_file(const char * file_name, uint32 flags, uint8 *buf, int size)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:18009:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘write_dump_to_file’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
18009 | write_dump_to_file(dhd_pub_t *dhd, uint8 *buf, int size, char *fname)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:18145:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘net_os_wake_lock_ctrl_timeout_enable’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
18145 | int net_os_wake_lock_ctrl_timeout_enable(struct net_device *dev, int val)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:18830:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_ioctl_entry_local’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
18830 | int dhd_ioctl_entry_local(struct net_device *net, wl_ioctl_t *ioc, int cmd)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:21375:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_dbg_get_system_timestamp’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
21375 | dhd_dbg_get_system_timestamp(void)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:21394:1: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_log_dump_get_timestamp’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
21394 | dhd_log_dump_get_timestamp(void)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
dhd_linux.c:24248:7: warning: no previous prototype for ‘dhd_get_conf’ [-Wmissing-prototypes]
24248 | void *dhd_get_conf(struct net_device *dev)
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~
make[3]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-7.0.0-rc3-edge-rockchip64/scripts/Makefile.build:292: dhd_linux.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-7.0.0-rc3-edge-rockchip64/Makefile:2101: .] Error 2
make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-7.0.0-rc3-edge-rockchip64/Makefile:248: __sub-make] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/bcmdhd-dkms/src'
make: *** [Makefile:248: __sub-make] Error 2
make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-7.0.0-rc3-edge-rockchip64'

Still failed though…

18

Yeah, I think, even if made for Linux 6.1, it is best/easiest to use the Armbian sources, which are assured to work with the SBCs/chips we need. Will require some trial&error to solve the build errors with mainline Linux, but less risk to face issues afterwards on the particular device.

1 Like
19

Exactly! If this dkms builds with mainline, the board hardware enablement gets to nearly complete with the edge build and this as a known working option for wifi further into the 7.x mainline. Collabora should eventually also push in the codecs and video acceleration too.

There are a bunch of warnings in the build, but just two errors, the compiler suggests a fix for the first one and the second one seems like an undefined string…

20

So, the saga continues…

That Armbian’s dkms driver also has an all deb package, that upon install successfully built the modules against both the 7.0.0-rc3 and 6.1.115-vendor-rk35xx sources (which were also installed but not running). [DietPi 10.2.3]

Loading the modules (bcmdhd_sdio and dhd_static_buf_sdio) in reverse order has produced this:

[root:/var/log/apt]└2 # modprobe -v dhd_static_buf_sdio
insmod /lib/modules/7.0.0-rc3-edge-rockchip64/updates/dkms/dhd_static_buf_sdio.ko.xz
[root:/var/log/apt]└2 # modprobe -v bcmdhd_sdio
insmod /lib/modules/7.0.0-rc3-edge-rockchip64/kernel/net/wireless/cfg80211.ko.xz
insmod /lib/modules/7.0.0-rc3-edge-rockchip64/updates/dkms/bcmdhd_sdio.ko.xz
 #

dmesg:

\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:27 2026\] dhd_static_buf_sdio: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:27 2026\] \[dhd\] STATIC-MSG) dhd_static_buf_init : 101.10.361.36 (wlan=r892223-20231107-1)
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:27 2026\] \[dhd\] STATIC-MSG) dhd_init_wlan_mem : prealloc ok for index 0: 8459264(8261K)
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] cfg80211: Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] Loaded X.509 cert ‘sforshee: 00b28ddf47aef9cea7’
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] Loaded X.509 cert ‘wens: 61c038651aabdcf94bd0ac7ff06c7248db18c600’
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] \_dhd_module_init: in Dongle Host Driver, version 101.10.591.52.27 (20240409-1)(20240411-2)(d83d8d7)
./. compiled on Mar 23 2026 at 06:20:28

\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] dhd_wlan_init_gpio: WL_HOST_WAKE=-1, oob_irq=-1, oob_irq_flags=0x4
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] dhd_wlan_init_gpio: WL_REG_ON=-1
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] dhd_wifi_platform_load: Enter
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] Power-up adapter ‘DHD generic adapter’
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] wifi_platform_set_power = 1, delay: 200 msec
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] ======== PULL WL_REG_ON(-1) HIGH! ========
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] wifi_platform_set_power = 1, sleep done: 200 msec
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] wifi_platform_bus_enumerate device present 1
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:48 2026\] \[dhd\] ======== Card detection to detect SDIO card! ========
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] failed to power up DHD generic adapter, 0 retry left
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] wifi_platform_set_power = 0, delay: 10 msec
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] ======== PULL WL_REG_ON(-1) LOW! ========
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] wifi_platform_set_power = 0, sleep done: 10 msec
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] wifi_platform_bus_enumerate device present 0
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] ======== Card detection to remove SDIO card! ========
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] failed to power up DHD generic adapter, max retry reached\*\*
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] unregister wifi platform drivers
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] wifi_platform_bus_enumerate device present 0
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] ======== Card detection to remove SDIO card! ========
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] \_dhd_module_init: Failed to load the driver, try cnt 0
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] \_dhd_module_init: Failed to load driver max retry reached\*\*
\[Tue Mar 24 19:56:50 2026\] \[dhd\] \_dhd_module_init: Exit err=-19

There also were two related errors during boot:

[Tue Mar 24 17:33:08 2026] gpio-20 (shutdown): gpiod_direction_output_nonotify: tried to set a GPIO tied to an IRQ as output
[Tue Mar 24 17:33:08 2026] rfkill_gpio rfkill: probe with driver rfkill_gpio failed with error -5

Is there any setup missing for that driver perhaps?