ok this should be fine and you can stay with your adapter. Just keep in mind the usb-storage.quirks if you need to reinstall you system 
So, after running the system for about two months with the modified
/boot/cmdline.txt
I can resume, that the issue is not entirely fixed.
The RasPi is running ok for one week or so and then problems reoccur.
Either the 2 TB drive is dismounted completely or not mounted at automated reboot (once a month via Cron) or MariaDB will crash/not start again.
I have to start the system with a MicroSD card, apply Check & Repair to the 2 TB drive via dietpi-drive_manager and then restart with the normal system disk and everything is working again.
Could this still be problems with the USB-SATA adapters? And if, which one or which chipset should I use to have a stable system?
Just to finish the topic and give a solution:
I found the reason for the frequent errors on the hard drives.
In fact it was the USB 3.0 ports not delivering enough current for the SSD drives in some situations, what lead to file system errors.
I put the 2TB SSD drive in an external 3,5" case (with a 2,5 to 3,5 adapter) which has got its own power supply.
Since then, problems are gone an Raspi/Owncloud etc. are running for months without any problems.
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Unfortunately a situation we have seen quite often for RPi 4 device.
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