Can't access nextcloud from LAN

The issue might be your router, even a revers proxy will not fix this. Your router will need to handle the network traffic. Can you share the error you are receiving on your local computer if trying to access https://my.domain.com:8443. Ensure it’s https within the URL and not http

BTW: Lighttpd can be used as revers proxy. This is a functionality of modern web server.