Raising the master volume in alsamixer to 100% doesn鈥檛 help either? The sound card is detected, the ALSA config uses the correct card index, speaker-test visually works and alsamixer obviously shows the expected controls 
. Probably a driver internal issue since Linux 6.1.
Does the kernel report any errors?
dmesg -l 0,1,2,3
I see you reported it on the Allo forum already:
If you have a spare SD card, could you test it with Raspberry Pi OS? Since we use the same kernel and overlay and ALSA is obviously configured correctly, I do not expect it to work there either, but that way it is easier to report on RPi forum and/or GitHub:
We can test whether downgrading the kernel to latest v5.15.y works, to verify that the kernel upgrade is the culprit:
cd /tmp
curl -Lo kernel.deb https://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/pool/main/r/raspberrypi-firmware/raspberrypi-kernel_1.20230306-1_arm64.deb
dpkg -i kernel.deb
rm kernel.deb
reboot